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The Important Reason Anne Hathaway Joined The Time's Up Movement

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Anne Hathaway poses at the premiere of the film

Anne Hathaway knows the good, bad and ugly sides of being a Hollywood actress. 

“I’ve had a 20-year career and I’ve had some really, really bad experiences, but I’ve had a lot of great ones too ― with members of both genders,” the actress said in a recent interview with Glamour.

Hathaway, 35, spoke to Glamour for the magazine’s June/July 2018 issue before the release of the much-anticipated “Ocean’s 8,” in which she stars alongside a host of well-known women. The veteran actress also discussed that infamous 2013 hate-storm that enveloped her after she won her first Oscar and, more recently, her involvement with the Time’s Up movement against sexual violence.

“While they do not begin to approach the atrocious, galling stories others have shared in recent months, I have had negative on-set experiences, some of a sexual nature,” Hathaway said. “Some are from the beginning of my career, some are more recent ― all are unacceptable.”

Hathaway said she joined the Time’s Up movement to ensure that other actresses won’t have to endure what she has. 

“Being a 35-year-old cisgendered woman who has experienced the everyday, abusive imbalance of the world also made me want to be a part of a movement for change. ... I know the world can be far worse for others than it has been to me, but I suppose, like most everyone who has been hurt, I want to protect others from going through the worst of what I experienced,” she said.

Announced on New Year’s Day, the Time’s Up movement consists of more than 300 women in television, film and theater, including big names like Kerry Washington, Reese Witherspoon and America Ferrera. The project was inspired by the recent Me Too movement and hopes to combat sexual misconduct in all workplaces by creating a legal defense fund to help less-privileged women come forward with their stories. 

“I want to help make what I consider the best of my experiences to be the norm, as it always should have been,” Hathaway continued. “I think that there’s got to be some guys who get high off the power. But in a lot of cases, it’s an echo chamber. Most guys have never seen anything different.” 

Hathaway added that for there to be progress, everyone has to put in the work: “If change is going to happen, we have to get uncomfortable.” 

Read the full profile at Glamour


9 Things We Get Wrong About Sex

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Size matters. You can’t get a sexually transmitted infection if you use a condom. Men have higher sex drives than women. Have you heard these common sexual assertions tossed about? Guess how many are actually true?

It’s harmful to believe generalizations, stereotypes and hearsay about sex and sexual health, and researchers are learning new information about it every single day. Remember there are so many different kinds of sexual experiences, preferences and desires, as well as human biology to consider when it comes to weighing myth versus fact.

Don’t worry if you aren’t yet an expert on orgasms and intercourse. Below, experts clear up the most common sex-related myths they hear perpetuated:

Myth: You can get pregnant on your period.

It’s rare to get pregnant on your period ― but that being said, there’s a caveat, according to Dr. Christine Greves, an OB-GYN at Orlando Health Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women & Babies.

“If the bleeding you’re having is because of a true period, meaning you ovulated 14 days ago, then there is no egg available to fertilize at that time,” she explained. “The problem with saying that you ‘cannot get pregnant on your period’ as a general statement? Sometimes women have bleeding not associated with a true period, and they may think they are getting a period, but that’s not actually the cause of bleeding.”

Infections, fibroids and hormone shifts can also cause you to spot or bleed at odd times in your menstrual cycle. It’s best to be on the safe side and use protection no matter what if you’re not trying to get pregnant.

Myth: You can’t get an STI if you use a condom.

You’ve likely heard that you should always use a condom to protect against sexually transmitted infections ― and yes, that is true. But you should still exercise caution: While condoms are highly effective in preventing STIs passed through bodily fluids, like gonorrhea or HIV, condoms are less effective in preventing infections contracted through skin-to-skin contact, like HPV or herpes, according to the American Sexual Health Association.

That being said, safe sex is still very possible with protection and communication. Condoms do offer some protection from skin-contact conditions, and should be used to prevent an array of STIs and unintended pregnancy. Also, although you’ve been hearing this suggestion repeated since sex ed, it still holds: Talk to your partner about condom use and STIs — or get tested before sex if that route makes you feel comfortable and safest. 

Myth: It’s OK to fake an orgasm.

Faking orgasms is never a good idea, even if you’re trying to kindly preserve someone’s ego, said Sarah Hunter Murray, a sex researcher and relationship therapist.

“Orgasms and other signs that we are experiencing pleasure during sexual activity, like words of affirmation or moaning, are cues to our partner that they are doing something we like,” she said. “If sex isn’t feeling so good, but we pretend that we are enjoying ourselves, our partner is understandably going to keep doing the stuff we’re not that into.”

What to do instead? Be vocal. “Positively encourage behaviors that are actually satisfying ― or talk honestly about what’s not working as well,” Murray added.

Myth: You can’t get pregnant unless a man ejaculates during intercourse.

There are lots of urban legends out there about how exactly you can and cannot get pregnant when it comes to male-female sex, but let’s clear those up.

“One of the most widely believed myths is you won’t get pregnant if you pull out in time, but that isn’t the case,” said Dr. Mache Seibel, a health education expert. “Many times, the precum or pre-ejaculation spurts out ahead of the larger volume of semen,” but still contains some sperm, Seibel explained. “It’s why the rhythm method of birth control sometimes fails.”

Also, anytime sperm enters the vagina, “pregnancy is possible,” Seibel added, though “not nearly as likely” in the cases of indirect delivery, like say on a finger or vibrator. Concerned? Don’t rely on pulling out and be safe with birth control.

Myth: Women usually orgasm from penetration.

A 2015 study published in the Journal of Sex shows that just 18 percent of women report that intercourse alone is enough to orgasm.

“These findings show that the majority of women cannot orgasm through penetration,” said Sunny Rodgers, a clinical sexologist and certified sex coach. “Most women need specific clitoral stimulation to bring them to actual orgasm.”

You might like stimulation on its own or with intercourse. Murray suggested “woman on top” or “using an extra hand” during penetration to make sure both parties are getting what they need to get off.

Myth: You’ll “just know” when you orgasm.

Those who claim climaxes are unmistakable aren’t exactly correct. “I’ve met many women who do not know if they’ve actually had an orgasm or not,” Rodgers said. “This is common.”

Why the myth? Rodgers said women fake a lot of orgasms, whether to preserve their partner’s ego or get sex over with faster. Women have different kinds of orgasms, as well ― clitoral, vaginal, g-spot ― that men simply don’t have, so it can be hard to know exactly what you’re feeling.

“They also believe that sex will always bring them to orgasm, which just isn’t true,” Rodgers said.

There are ways that a person can determine if what they’re experiencing is indeed an orgasm. Expect your heart rate and blood pressure to increase, your skin to flush and your muscles to tense while stimulated. “This is followed by the release of tension and a feeling of deep relaxation,” Rodgers explained. Yes, it should feel amazing.

Myth: Size is everything.

“That old saying is true: It’s not the size of your boat, it’s the motion of your ocean,” Rodgers said. Penises are “a varied bunch,” she explained, with size and shape are unique to each guy.

“What is perfect for one person can be too large or too small for another,” Rodgers said. “On top of that, there are so many techniques, positions and enhancement products available now that size is not the only relevant factor for sexual satisfaction.” Explore, experiment, enjoy ― and forget this myth.

Myth: Men want more sex than women.

This stereotype might be damaging sex lives everywhere. According to a series of 2016 studies, men typically underestimate how often their long-term girlfriends or wives want sex. A survey conducted that same year also revealed 71 percent of female respondents said they’d like to have more sex in the coming year.

“The brain is a more powerful sexual organ than genitalia, because it’s where sex drive stems from,” Rodgers said. “It may seem like men have a higher sex drive just because men do tend to think about sex more often ... but there is no single measurement of sex drive, so it is an interesting assumption.” And not always true. Don’t assume!

Myth: Orgasm is the goal of sex.

Everybody loves to orgasm, but make sure you’re aware of each other’s sex goals. “Wanting to experience pleasure from sex is a good thing,” Murray said. “But while orgasms are often perceived as the main event or the star of the show, focusing too much on orgasms can set couples up for frustrating sex.”

You know what they say: It’s about the journey, not the destination. Focusing on getting to orgasm can cause you to miss other positive elements of your sexual experience like “sensations and pleasures along the way, making out, gentle touches and caresses and feeling close to our partner,” Murray said. (And bonus: All of those things can boost your mood, according to research.)

Not to mention, sometimes an orgasm just doesn’t happen for variety of reasons, like stress or alcohol, so try to enjoy your intimate experience regardless.

I Had A Fecal Transplant And It Saved My Life

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If you had once told me that someday I would not only agree to have someone else’s poop put inside my body, but would enthusiastically welcome it, I never would have believed you. I, like most people, would have been repulsed by the very idea. But when you’re fighting for your life, the ick factor just doesn’t matter.

My unexpected encounter with a fecal transplant began in May 2011, when I developed a tooth infection that required an antibiotic. I was on an immunosuppressant drug for my multiple sclerosis, which made me more susceptible to infections. I’d never heard of Clostridium difficile, a potentially life-threatening bacterium more commonly known as C. diff, and so I didn’t know I was even more vulnerable to developing it while taking a strong antibiotic. In my mind, I felt safe from infections because of the antibiotic. Little did I know what was awaiting me.

A couple of weeks after taking a seven-day course of Clindamycin for the tooth infection, I began having odd intestinal symptoms. The first and most alarming was waking up at 4:00 one morning and feeling what I thought was a need to have a bowel movement. When I sat on the toilet, I felt like I was going to have diarrhea and be sick, but nothing came out. I also had excruciating pain in my rectum and the surrounding area that I’d never felt before, even when I’d had fissures and hemorrhoids. It felt like someone had beaten me on my backside with a baseball bat. The next day, the pain subsided until midday, when I felt like I needed to relieve myself again. When I finally went, all that came out was a glob of thick, tan mucous with a small amount of blood in it. I had never seen or heard of anything like it. It looked like something out of a horror movie or medical drama and I was absolutely horrified.

I called my primary doctor and was told to go to an urgent care clinic, as she wasn’t able to see me that day. The doctor at the clinic couldn’t figure out what I was experiencing, so she gave me the number of a specialist. The specialist turned out to be a surgeon, not a gastroenterologist, and I found myself at a dead end. I was frustrated and terrified and had no idea what to do next.

I didn’t have diarrhea, the most common symptom of C. diff, so it made it even more difficult to determine what was happening to me. After a couple of weeks, my symptoms ― which now included nausea, cramping, mucous in my stools, a lack of appetite and pain in my entire pelvic region ― remained and I found myself getting even sicker. At this point I was spending so many hours curled up on the bathroom floor that I finally headed to the emergency room. It was there that the doctors first raised the possibility of C. diff and asked me to provide them, as best I could, with a stool sample for testing. Before the results came back, I was sent home with a prescription for Flagyl (metronidazole), the first antibiotic doctors turn to in order to treat C. diff. At this point, I still had no idea how serious C. diff is or how difficult it can be to cure.

All that came out was a glob of thick, tan mucous with a small amount of blood in it. I had never seen or heard of anything like it.

The next morning the hospital called with the test results. They were positive for C. diff. OK, no big deal, I thought. I’ll take this medication for a couple of weeks and then I’ll be fine. Because of my aforementioned immunosuppression, I was told to take my prescription for four weeks instead of the usual two. Soon I began to feel better and I was able to resume my monthly infusions of MS medication, which I had postponed because I was dealing with the C. diff.

A few days after my first infusion post-C. diff, I began having symptoms again. My doctor asked me to collect another stool sample and bring it in to be tested. I was now getting pretty good at collecting samples and taking them to the hospital lab in a small butter container I’d washed out and, once filled, tucked into a brown paper bag, all while trying to act like it was no big deal. The results came back the next day — positive. Again. I started another monthlong round of Flagyl. This time my symptoms were worse, and the medication’s side effects ― nausea, stomach pain, cramping, headache, dry mouth, metallic taste, and dizziness ― were less tolerable. At this point, I had been dealing with my stomach and bowel issues for approximately 22 weeks. I was exhausted from both the C. diff and trying to treat it. Unfortunately, I was only off the Flagyl for a couple of days before the C. diff came back with a vengeance. 

This time, my doctor put me on a compounded oral version of IV Vancomycin, another antibiotic used to treat C. diff when Flagyl fails. I took that for two weeks, was off for a week before I relapsed, and was then prescribed it again for another two weeks. The C. diff wasn’t going away. Worse, with each relapse it seemed to get stronger and more resistant. We were running out of options. My body wasn’t fighting the infection and my organs were going to start shutting down. I was losing my hair and losing weight from my already underweight frame, and I continued to be the sickest I’d ever been. 

Terrified that I could literally die from my infection, I began to research how others had fought and eventually beat C. diff. What I found took me completely by surprise. I learned about fecal transplants — the literal transferring of feces from one person’s gastrointestinal tract to another, via a colonoscopy-like procedure. Basically, a donor’s stool sample is blended with a saline solution to make a slurry. Then, using a tube, the concoction is inserted into the patient via the anus. The premise is that the healthy bacteria in the donor’s stool will hopefully take hold inside the patient’s infected colon and begin to replicate. It’s actually a brilliant idea, when you think about it: What better way to encourage the replenishing of the millions of healthy bacteria that a body needs than to use the real thing? 

After yet another relapse, while I was taking a second round of Vancomycin, I asked my doctor if we could try a fecal transplant. He had never heard of the procedure, which surprised me, since he was a gastroenterologist. He said he would do some research and get back to me. A few weeks later, and six months after the first symptoms of my C. diff infection began, my doctor asked me if I was still willing to try a transplant. I didn’t even have to think about it: I was on board immediately. 

For the next few months, I was put on a combination of Flagyl and Vancomycin, just to keep me somewhat stable while my doctor went to work setting up the protocol for the transplant. He consulted doctors in other states who had experience doing fecal transplants to educate himself about the procedure and to prepare me for what would take place.

At one point, the doctor looked at me seriously and said, "You can’t ever tell your husband ‘Don’t give me any more crap!’"

My donor was my husband. I mean, we agreed to “for better or for worse,” right? At one point, the doctor looked at me seriously and said, “You can’t ever tell your husband ‘Don’t give me any more crap!’” We laughed about that for months.

With the preparation complete, and after my husband underwent some blood tests to make sure he didn’t have anything he could pass to me through his stool, I was scheduled to have the transplant on March 2, 2012. We were instructed to purchase a new blender to bring with us to make the slurry, and my husband was told to collect his stool the morning of the procedure and bring that too. I prepared the same way you would for a colonoscopy, to ensure my gastrointestinal tract was as clean as possible to create the optimum environment for the healthy bacteria to move in and set up house.

I was the first patient to have a fecal transplant at that hospital, and possibly one of the first in Utah. I remember my doctor coming into my room whistling and smiling that morning. “This is a very auspicious day for us!” he said. He was so eager to do the procedure and for it to be successful — not just for me, but also because he had a growing list of patients who could benefit from a fecal transplant if it worked. I’ve honestly never seen someone so excited about poop, except maybe when one of my kids was constipated and then finally was able to go! I was just excited for the possibility of feeling better — not to mention not dying.

The procedure went incredibly well. I woke from the anesthesia feeling immediately better. The cramping and pain were gone and I was hungry. It was an instant cure! The goal was for me to hold the “medication” inside my body for as long as possible, and everyone was ecstatic when I was able to wait until the next day to relieve myself. I have to admit I was unprepared for the smell that accompanied that first bowel movement: My stool and gas smelled exactly like my husband’s! If he farts, I can walk away, but I couldn’t walk away from myself! It was bad. We still laugh about that. But it was a small price to pay to be healed, and as unsettling and admittedly gross as it was, his bacteria were doing their job and that’s all that mattered.

Later, my doctor told me that if the transplant hadn’t worked, my colon would have become entirely overrun by the C. diff. Not only would it have been unable to absorb the nutrients my body needs, but eventually my organs would have begun to shut down one by one until I finally died.

I’m so thankful I was able to receive a fecal transplant, and grateful that my doctor listened to me and took the necessary steps to make it happen. Even though they’re still considered highly experimental and many doctors ― even specialists ― aren’t familiar with them, fecal transplants have a dramatic success rate and can work when nothing else has. If I hadn’t lived through it, I never would have believed it. But now that I have, I want as many people as possible to know about them, because it could mean the difference between life and death for someone else. As disgusting as the idea was of having feces injected into my body, my husband’s poop literally saved my life.

HuffPost does not endorse or make any claims about the efficacy of any treatments discussed in this article. If you’re having a medical issue, please contact your health care professional.

Do you have a personal story you’d like to see published on HuffPost? Find out what we’re looking for here and send us a pitch!

Gay Couple Stabbed While Holding Hands Outside Denver Nightclub

Two gay men were holding hands while walking home from a nightclub early Sunday morning in Denver when a man attacked the couple, stabbing them multiple times. 

“We were just walking and I guess he didn’t like what he saw ... that we were holding hands,” Chris Huizar, 19, told local outlet 9News on Sunday. 

Huizar and his boyfriend, Gabriel Roman, 23, were walking home from a dance club called The Church just after midnight when the two said they heard a man yell “fuckin’ faggots” before he attacked the couple with a folding knife. Huizar was stabbed in the neck and Roman was stabbed in the hand and back before they were able to escape.

The couple called the police and were taken to the hospital immediately where, according to Gay Star News, Roman received 30 internal stitches and 52 stitches on his hand. The wounds were not life-threatening, Denver police spokesman Sgt. John White told The Denver Post.

“Just seeing him in my arms bleeding, I don’t know, I just didn’t want him to die,” Huizar told 9News while fighting back tears.

Police arrested 24-year-old Dylan Payne on Sunday on suspicion of first-degree assault, according to The Denver Post. Detectives are currently investigating the attack as a hate crime. 

“We are not letting this define us. We love each other and wouldn’t want this to happen to anyone [else],” Huizar told Gay Star News. “I’m just thankful we’re alive.” 

Roman told 9News: “We just know that we can get through anything now and that’s just going to make us that much stronger.”

Would You Drink Cockroach Milk - And Should You?

You’ve no doubt heard insect protein being touted as a future food trend, well now researchers believe we could all be drinking cockroach milk in years to come.

The milk, which is a ‘post-natal fluid’ secreted by a mother cockroach to nourish her 50-something strong army of baby cockroaches, has been touted as an excellent source of nutrition and amino acids by researchers from the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in India.

So should we be drinking it?

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Researcher Sanchari Banerjee told the Times of India: “The crystals are like a complete food – they have proteins, fats and sugars. If you look into the protein sequences, they have all the essential amino acids.”

It seems we might not be glugging the stuff anytime soon though as the process of extracting the ‘milk’ actually kills the cockroaches. You’d also need a hell of a lot of insects to get a glass full of milk.

According to science site Inverse, scientists carve out the cockroach’s gut with a scalpel to harvest the milk, which looks like crystals. It’s thought it takes one person half a day to process the milk of two to three roaches. So a very slow and not-so-lucrative process.

Cockroaches could still be coming to a diet near you in other forms, however. Scientists from the Federal University of Rio Grande in Brazil created flour made from cockroaches, which contains 40% more protein than standard plain flour. Like cockroach milk, the flour contained a large amount of amino acids and some lipids and fatty acids as well.

Election Experiment Proves Facebook Just Doesn't Care About Fake News In India

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Mumbai — On April 16, a little less than a month before Karnataka went to the polls, Facebook announced a partnership with Boom Live, an Indian fact-checking website, to fight fake news during the Karnataka assembly polls.

Five days before the partnership was announced, an embattled Mark Zuckerberg stood before the the US Congress. Under fire for having allowed his platform to be used to manipulate elections, he declared that his company would do everything it could to protect the integrity of elections in India and elsewhere.

Facebook's press-release promised as much:

We have learned that once a story is rated as false, we have been able to reduce its distribution by 80%, and thereby improve accuracy of information on Facebook and reduce misinformation.

Yet, the pilot project in Karnataka suggests Facebook has a long way to go to keep Zuckerberg's promise. In an election cycle widelyacknowledged as rife with misinformation, fake polls and surveys, communally coloured rumours, and blatant lies peddled by campaigners, rating stories as "false" proved to be so difficult and time consuming that the Facebook partnership was only able to debunk 30 pieces of misinformation — 25 in the run-up to the polls, and 5 in the immediate aftermath — in the month long campaign.

The much-ballyhooed partnership added up to a small financial contribution from Facebook that allowed Boom to hire two fact-checkers, one in its offices in Mumbai and one based on the ground in Bengaluru, specifically to track the election. The fact-checkers were also given access to a Facebook dashboard that could be used to discover and counter misinformation on the platform.

Boom did not reveal the sum involved or allow HuffPost India access to the dashboard, citing a non-disclosure agreement. Facebook's representatives declined comment on a detailed questionnaire sent to them.

A Gushing Sewer of Fake News

Globally, Facebook's fact-checking initiative is a little over a year old, but the partnership with Boom marks its advent in India, the company's largest market.

"It's a late start, a very late start." says Pratik Sinha, co-founder of AltNews, another prominent fact-checking website. "But they're doing something now, which is good."

Yet Govindraj Ethiraj, Founder-Editor of Boom Live, said the social networking giant's contribution to their fact-checking efforts was of limited utility. "Facebook's involvement didn't really help us," he said. "This was more about us helping them."

Ethiraj identified Facebook-owned WhatsApp as the primary medium for the propagation of fake news during the Karnataka election. Each of the three major parties in the fray reportedly set up tens of thousands of groups on the platform in an effort to spread their message. Facebook is yet to figure out a way to allow fact-checkers into the platform without breaking the end-to-end encryption which makes it impossible for messages to be tracked.

But even on Facebook, which lends itself far more easily to tracking and monitoring, the tools that the company has built to track fake news are not particularly effective.

Facebook allows advertisers to micro-target content at users using specific attributes, and users are unlikely to report content that agrees with their ideological biases.

In his office in the aging Sun Mill Compound in Mumbai's Lower Parel, Jency Jacob, Managing Editor of Boom logged into the dashboard and scrolled through the gushing sewer of user-flagged content pouring in from around the world: stories about dinosaur remains and ancient caves, tales of celebrities battling mysterious diseases, and ordinary people undergoing plastic surgeries to look like celebrities, mixed in with news – both real and fake – that users found objectionable. There's one about the rise in fuel prices and there's even a Huffpost India story, about a Dalit being flogged to death in Gujarat. (The HuffPost India story, the editorial board can affirm, is true.)

"I can't claim that it doesn't affect me," admitted Jacob. "This morning, the first thing I saw after waking up was a video of a woman kicking a 3-year-old baby and slamming her on the ground. We are in the rush of it right now, but I don't think we will enjoy doing this all our lives."

"A lot of it is dependent on how users are reporting," Jacob continued, explaining that the dashboard tool relies on users to flag potentially "fake" news. "If the users aren't reporting it, it isn't going to come into the queue."

This is a blind spot as Facebook allows advertisers to micro-target content at users using specific attributes, and users are unlikely to report content that agrees with their ideological biases.

Everything But English

Facebook's dashboard cannot be used to report non-English content. In India, local language users outnumber English language users and more are coming online every day. The dashboard is also unable to filter stories relevant to a specific location, despite Facebook allowing advertisers to geo-target their advertisements with reasonable accuracy.

Jacob reckons the tool will get better at dealing with the Indian context over time. "This was always intended to be a pilot project. It will take them time to figure out how to get us more relevant leads," he said.

With not much help forthcoming from Facebook, Boom relied on its own tried and tested methods of tracking misinformation. Its fact-checkers monitored pages and websites known to be potential sources of fake news, told friends and family to forward anything suspicious they came across, and maintained their own reporting channel - a dedicated WhatsApp helpline for users to direct suspicious looking links.

These methods threw up about 4-5 actionable leads every day. To fact-check them, Boom deployed a combination of old school journalistic practices, such as getting fact-checkers to call sources, and tech tools like video and image matching software.

Fact-checking is a painstaking process that involves a great deal of manual effort.

"The way we measure virality is a bit of a crude method. We check whether several of us have received it or not, and whether it is being shared on all three platforms."

"Essentially, we are saying what we are saying is true, don't believe others," said Sinha. "That's a very arrogant position to take. To say that in a world full of information, there has to be a process where we take the audience from the claim to the truth. Gathering the information required to do that takes a lot of time."

According to Jacob, it sometimes takes 2-3 people working all day to fact-check a single video. And Boom only has 6 fact-checkers in all, including the two Facebook-funded hires. Given these constraints, they could act on only a fraction of the tip-offs.

"We were not looking at volume, but at impact," said Jacob, indicating that they focused their attention on misinformation that was going viral. "The way we measure virality is a bit of a crude method. We check whether several of us have received it or not, and whether it is being shared on all three platforms."

Jacob admits that there were many more stories that they could have tackled, but he says that it was impossible to address them all with the limited resources available to them.

Sinha reckons that Facebook already has the technology to significantly alleviate the manpower issue. "If you upload a video to Facebook and there's a copyright violation, they pull the video. So they know how to match videos. If they leverage that technology and apply it to fake news, it'll reduce the mundane work we have to do by half," he said.

While Facebook's contribution to Boom's sourcing and fact-checking processes was minimal, it does seem to have had a significant impact on how fact-checks were disseminated. The Facebook dashboard allows fact-checkers to tag content with ratings ranging from 'true' to 'false' with a few options in between and also attach their fact-check articles to the content. The platform then attempts to reduce distribution of the content and display the fact-check article to users whenever they encounter it on the news feed or attempt to share it.

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Major Victory

This system claimed its first major victory within a week of the partnership being announced when several major media outlets including NDTV India, India Today and Republic published a list of purported star campaigners for the Congress party that turned out to be fabricated.

Boom rated the articles false and linked their fact-check. Jacob could not verify if this reduced the articles' distribution by the 80% figure touted by Facebook, but said there was a clear impact.

"NDTV India carried the story and we noticed that their traffic dropped after we linked our fact-check to their article," said Jacob. With traffic plummeting and users being shown fake news warnings when interacting with their content, most of the media houses that published the list either issued clarifications or took their articles down.

After the initial success, Boom quickly ran into the limitations of the ratings system. Fact-checks could only be done on links and not on image, video, or text posts. Facebook eventually granted Boom access to image and video posts, but text posts are still beyond the purview of fact-checkers.

While that change was likely a simple fix that only required a switch to be flipped, there are other restrictions on the ratings system that are unlikely to be lifted as easily.

From the beginning of the election cycle, false statements by prominent politicians - including the Prime Minister - were an everyday affair. As is the norm, they were faithfully reported by most media outlets without critique or context. Misinformation masquerading as opinion, wherein a set of legimitate facts are presented out of context to arrive at a blatantly false conclusion, was also a persistent feature during the polls. Such articles add to the whirlwind of campaign misinformation, but are exempted from the rating system.

"Facebook needs to figure out a more aggressive model of showing the explanatory article to the reader."

Sinha believes that misinformation that falls into these grey areas cannot be laid at Facebook's door.

But Pranesh Prakash, Fellow at the Centre for Internet and Society, said such restrictions were "extraordinarily stupid."

"As long as the distinction is made that the publication isn't msiquoting and the politician is saying something that is false - and that's easy enough to do - I can't think of a possible justification," he said, regarding false statements made by public figures.

As for misleading opinion pieces Prakash said, "Most falsehoods are not just statements that present incorrect facts, but that present facts in an incorrect context. It's clearly the context that speaks to how people interpret facts. Fact checkers can't be people who only look at facts as black and white things."

Facebook's suggested method of dealing with such articles is to attach fact-check articles to them while assigning them a 'not eligible' rating. Jacob reckons that this is yet another blind spot.

"Facebook needs to figure out a more aggressive model of showing the explanatory article to the reader. The way it is designed now, with the article showing up below as a related link, not many people will bother to go and click on that."

The Whatsapp Problem

For all its flaws, the fact-checking initiative appears to be making an attempt at solving the problem of misinformation on Facebook's news feed. But the company hasn't even begun to address the 800-pound gorilla that is WhatsApp.

While Facebook has been castigated for playing fast and loose with privacy on its primary platform, the inherently better privacy features of the fully-encrypted Whatsapp platform have made it lethal when it comes to fake news. The lack of third party access, which has prevented Facebook from monetising WhatsApp chats - thus far - and security agencies from spying on them, has also made Whatsapp messages impossible to fact-check.

In Karnataka, WhatsApp was the primary vector for the spread of a series of fake polls, some of which were eventually picked up and published by mainstream media outlets. Unlike fake news that emerges on the Facebook and Twitter, it is impossible to trace the source of misinformation on Whatsapp.

"Just as spam can be flagged and people can be barred if they're flagged as spammers, similarly, if people have been flagged as serial promoters of fake news, you can use that to nudge people's behaviour."

"If Whatsapp had a trending list, our jobs would've been a lot easier," lamented Jacob. "By and large, we have figured out what goes viral on Facebook and Twitter. It might take a day to reach us, but eventually we catch anything that's going viral on these platforms. But Whatsapp is a black box."

Prakash asserts that while encryption is a barrier, it does not make it impossible to police fake news on WhatApp. "Just as spam can be flagged and people can be barred if they're flagged as spammers, similarly, if people have been flagged as serial promoters of fake news, you can use that to nudge people's behaviour."

There are indications that WhatsApp is attempting to develop features to tackle fake news. The platform has beta-tested features that would clearly identify forwarded messages and warn users if a message has been forwarded more than 25 times. Jacob said that Facebook was working on a product that would throw up fact-check articles when a user interacts with a fake news URL on WhatsApp. If or when any of these features actually make it to users is a matter of conjecture.

Prakash said the slow pace of progress on WhatsApp is just a reflection of the company's priorities. "It speaks to how American a company a Facebook is. Whatsapp is the real network for fake news in India, but it gets the least amount of attention."

Thinking of Buying a New Car? Here are 4 Reasons you should consider buying a SUV instead

Buying a new car is such an important milestone in anyone's life. Whether it's your first new car or your tenth, the moment you sit in that baby for the first time, it is always extremely special. So, if you are thinking of buying one soon, we are giving you five reasons why you should invest in an epic SUV.

SUVs are people friendly

Long drives in a new car become even more fun when everyone close to you can enjoy your new prized possession. Unlike a car, a 7-seater SUV is built to effortlessly accommodate anyone and everyone. With its luxurious quilted tan leather seats, your friends and family can comfortably sit back and enjoy the ride.

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2. A monocoque SUV will give you the benefits of a SUV without adding bulk to your drive.

Most new-car buyers steer away from a sports utility vehicle because of its sheer size. They believe that the size adds bulk to the drive, making the car difficult to handle, especially if one is used to driving a hatchback or a sedan. However, thanks to advances in car tech, the market is now opening to monocoque SUVs, which are as easy to drive as a smaller car despite being a SUV & offer an unmatched view of the road ahead.

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3.SUVs offer unmatched all-terrain capability

A SUV is a multi-purpose car that's a winner on any kind of terrain and in any kind of situation. It doesn't matter if you are stuck in traffic while getting back home from work or braving the hills during a long weekend trip, a SUV will give you the same driving pleasure in every situation. In short, it's great for city driving as well as for hugging the curves of a mountainous terrain.

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4. Features! Features! Features!

Apart from performance and go-anywhere capability, a SUV packs in a whole lot of features at a competitive price. Think electric sunroof, power seats, rain-sensing wipers, smart watch connectivity, touch-screen infotainment, GPS navigation, Android Auto, enhanced audio, and many others. With automatic transmission offered on several variants you can effortlessly take on any challenge.

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An SUV seems like a great new car, right? If these points have resonated with you, then walk into your nearest Mahindra showroom and take home/test drive the all new Mahindra XUV500 that has all these features and much more to offer. For more information, click here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8Uh3DtEOcE

Indian Oil Marginally Cuts Petrol, Diesel Prices

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NEW DELHI -- Indian Oil Corp , the country's top refiner and fuel retailer, has marginally cut pump prices of petrol and diesel around India, its website showed on Wednesday.

In New Delhi, a cut of less than 1 percentage point means that petrol will cost 77.83 rupees/litre on Wednesday, while diesel will be sold at 68.75 rupees/litre.

Fuel prices vary from state to state due to local taxes.

Domestic petrol and diesel prices touched a record high on Friday.

Petrol and diesel prices in India are linked to Singapore gasoline prices GL95-SIN and Arab Gulf diesel prices GO-AG, which mostly track movements in crude oil prices LCOc1.

Oil prices fell to about $75 a barrel as Saudi Arabia and Russia said they were ready to ease supply curbs that have pushed crude prices to their highest since 2014 [O/R].

India's three state-run fuel retailers - IOC, BPCL and Hindustan Petroleum Corp -- control most of India's fuel retail market and tend to move their fuel prices in tandem.


Cobrapost Founder: We Are A Banana Republic, And The Aftermath Of Operation 136 Made The Mainstream Media Look Even Worse

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CobraPost founder and editor Aniruddha Bahal.

Last week, Cobrapost, a Noida-based investigative news portal, reported that managers and owners of some media houses in India were willing to advance the Hindutva agenda and polarise voters on religious lines in exchange for lucrative business deals.

The investigation has also alleged that following the protests in Kashmir, last year, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) asked Paytm, a mobile wallet company, to provide personal data of its users to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government. Media houses and Paytm have disputed Cobrapost's allegations.

Operation 136 (a reference to India's ranking in the World Press Freedom Index), caused an uproar over the state of the media, and reinforced concerns about the safety of user data in the hands of private service providers. CobraPost has also come under fire for obtaining the information through a sting operation. Media organizations the world over have long debated the ethics of reporting under false pretences using hidden cameras.

In a written interview, HuffPost India asked Aniruddha Bahal, founder and editor-in-chief of Cobrapost about Operation 136, its fallout, and the continued use of sting operations.

What is the key takeaway from Operation 136?

That we are a banana republic and no action will be taken against media houses who are not only willing to do paid news but go beyond into criminal territory: aid in polarization of communities, defame political rivals of clients, take compensation in cash.

What motivated you to carry out this investigation?

It just happened organically. No mainstream media organisation would have done it nor anybody else. It takes a bus load of commitment and more.

How did you go about it?

We didn't want to approach journalists as they don't matter in the current scheme of things. We approached sales people, senior management and owners where possible. It took many months of efforts.

Pushp Sharma, the journalist who carried out the sting operation, is accused of extortion and fabricating an RTI response. Why should we trust his reporting?

Because, in my judgement, both those are examples of malicious prosecutions. The camera is a mechanical witness. And we oversaw the investigation.

Do you believe your piece has had the kind of impact you were hoping for?

Depends on how it pans out. The aftermath made the mainstream media look even worse. The attempts to shoot the messenger by certain platforms. But it was huge on social and thats the future. The mainstream wouldn't go against their own.

In his opinion piece, Pratap Bhanu Mehta has argued that sting operations rarely produce accountability, only deepen cynicism in our society. What do you think Operation 136 has achieved?

That's his opinion. I don't agree with it. Just to give you two examples. The 11 MPs that we showed taking money for asking questions in the Indian parliament were all dismissed. In 2013, our exposé on more than 28 private and public banks led to the KYC (Know Your Customer) reforms you saw eventually and unprecedented fines imposed by the RBI.

There is a large section of the media at home and abroad that believes sting operations violate the rules of journalism. The reporter is speaking untruths to get at the truth, which compromises the interaction and the outcome. How do you justify using sting operations?

The reporter in this case is forwarding a proposition which they believe to be a genuine proposition and they react to that proposition in ways that shows that they are willing to do paid news. And even go beyond that. Societies and justice systems have to take into account the public good that these revelations bring about vs the other stuff. For me, personally, it's a no brainer but then everybody is entitled to a view.

What do you make of the criticism that there is no way of knowing that these alleged conversations with managers and owners of media owners would have resulted in definite action?

That's a bogus line of argument. Many houses sent contracts. They were all waiting for the advance to come in. Some even ran bogus stuff just to come in our good books. They all would have run it if we showed them the color of money. Pay and play.

Major media houses have either ignored the sting operation or refuted your findings. What role has social media played in communicating your findings to the public?

It's easy to ignore. Tougher to confront and analyze, more so, when you are caught with your hand in the cookie jar. But we caught their reality. And nobody wants to be seen naked. Social media has been positive by and large.

Has it been enough? Were you hoping for wider engagement?

I am content with the traction it got.

Are you facing any legal action because of Operation 136?

Why would I face? Those who agreed to do criminal things should be the ones worried.

Also read: Cobrapost Sting: Softbank and Alibaba, Paytm's Foreign Investors, Mum Over Alleged Privacy Breach

CobraPost Exposé: First Demonetisation Then Data Brokering; Should You Trust Paytm With Your Personal Data?

Also on HuffPost India:

The 50 Best Celebrity Hairstyles To Try Right Now

Looking to change things up with your hair, but not sure where to start? 

We compiled 50 of our favorite celebrity hairstyles for both men and women to try right now. With summer approaching, it’s a prime time to chop off all that fall and winter hair damage and try out a new ’do.

Maybe you’re looking for something long and sleek, like Sandra Bullock, or you want to embrace your natural curls, like Kerry Washington, or perhaps you want to channel your inner Tan France and let your salt-and-pepper mane become your signature.

Whatever your style, surely you’ll find some inspiration in the hairstyles below:

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Tan France

"Queer Eye" star Tan France is always rocking his signature salt-and-pepper 'do, with plenty of volume on top and clean, cropped sides. Jean Baptiste Lacroix via Getty Images
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Lucy Hale

The actress' honey-blond lob hairstyle is perfect for summer. Matthew Eisman via Getty Images
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Kerry Washington

Kerry Washington's natural curls are full of texture and volume.  Mike Coppola via Getty Images
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Katie Holmes

Katie Holmes' cropped cut is fun, flirty and great for summer.  Roy Rochlin via Getty Images
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Constance Wu

Not many people can pull off short bangs, but Constance Wu really rocks them. If you're feeling a little adventurous, this is a great style to try. Axelle/Bauer-Griffin via Getty Images
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Rita Moreno

Rita Moreno is proof that gray hair is beautiful. We love her layered cut, which has plenty of volume and movement.  Frazer Harrison via Getty Images
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Bella Hadid

The model's sleek ponytail-bun hybrid is a great style to try, especially when you want to keep frizz at bay. The more gel, the better in this case. Emma McIntyre via Getty Images
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Lucy Liu

Lucy Liu recently debuted lighter locks, and we have to say, we love this color, especially for the warmer weather. Jemal Countess via Getty Images
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Anderson Cooper

Anderson Cooper's signature silver hair always looks perfectly groomed.  Gary Gershoff via Getty Images
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Molly Ringwald

If you want something playful for summer outings or date night, Molly Ringwald's tousled updo with shaggy bangs is perfect. Amanda Edwards via Getty Images
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Lupita Nyong'o

Lupita Nyong'o loves changing it up when it comes to her hair. We love these "afro puffs" by stylist Vernon François. Taylor Hill via Getty Images
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Cate Blanchett

Cate Blanchett's wavy blunt lob is the ultimate cool-girl hairstyle. Plus, this cut is flattering on pretty much everyoneAnadolu Agency via Getty Images
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Shailene Woodley

Bangs are an easy way to change up your look without going too drastic. We love Shailene Woodley's choppy fringe -- it's not too fussy yet still packs a punch. Tibrina Hobson via Getty Images
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Jenna Dewan

This sleek, straight bob on Jenna Dewan is timeless.  Albert L. Ortega via Getty Images
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Sandra Bullock

Sandra Bullock's signature hairstyle -- long chocolate-brown locks with just a hint of caramel color toward the ends -- is always a winner. Frederick M. Brown via Getty Images
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Emilia Clarke

For those who want a bolder look, going platinum blond like Emilia Clarke is definitely an option. Paul Bruinooge via Getty Images
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Mila Kunis

Mila Kunis was recently sporting a wavy bob with bangs, which feels fresh and light for summer. Steve Granitz via Getty Images
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Chadwick Boseman

Chadwick Boseman's hair at the 2018 Met Gala featured plenty of volume on top with an expert fade on the sides. John Shearer via Getty Images
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Ava DuVernay

Ava DuVernay considers her locks a crown adorning her head. This style, which has become her signature, is gorgeous and regal. Roy Rochlin via Getty Images
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Jared Leto

Jared Leto's '70s-inspired shaggy hairstyle is pretty much hair goals for men and women. The subtle ombre, the long layers -- it looks effortless. Lester Cohen via Getty Images
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Katy Perry

The "American Idol" judge has been rocking her cropped blonde 'do for a while now. It's a great style for anyone looking for a bold change. David Livingston via Getty Images
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Simon Baker

Simon Baker's hairstyle has just the right amount of texture and volume.  Dimitrios Kambouris via Getty Images
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Christina Aguilera

The classic ballerina bun, as seen on Christina Aguilera, is pretty much a perfect style for any occasion. Steve Granitz via Getty Images
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Claire Danes

Claire Danes' grown-out wavy lob is chic, easy and perfect for summer. Gary Gershoff via Getty Images
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Demi Lovato

Demi Lovato rocked this slicked back, fashion-forward "wet look" hairstyle at the 2018 Billboard awards. Steve Granitz via Getty Images
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Halle Berry

Ponytails can definitely be chic, as proven by Halle Berry. Desiree Navarro via Getty Images
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Jonathan Van Ness

Jonathan Van Ness is another great example of how long hair and a beard can work wonderfully on men. And he's clearly following his own advice and skipping the sulfates -- can you believe that shine? Dia Dipasupil via Getty Images
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Viola Davis

If you want to let your natural curls take center stage, look no further for than Viola Davis for inspiration.  Paul Zimmerman via Getty Images
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Halsey

Halsey's low ponytail with tendrils framing her face is the perfect look for a romantic date night. Steve Granitz via Getty Images
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George Clooney

When it comes to classic men's cuts, George Clooney's is definitely up there. Ray Tamarra via Getty Images
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Amber Heard

A high ponytail like Amber Heard's is simple, chic and great for hot weather. Venturelli via Getty Images
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Margot Robbie

Margot Robbie's wavy bob is classic, but the asymmetric cut with one side slight longer than the other adds a modern touch.  Pascal Le Segretain via Getty Images
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Zayn Malik

Zayn Malik's recent hairstyle is business on the sides, party on top.  Desiree Navarro via Getty Images
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Meghan Trainor

Candy-colored hair is still going strong, and we absolutely love Meghan Trainor's pastel hue. It's bold without going overboard. Slaven Vlasic via Getty Images
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Jennifer Lopez

Go for something sleek and simple, like Jennifer Lopez's blond lob. Kevin Mazur via Getty Images
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Christina Hendricks

Christina Hendricks' tousled 'do with "curtain bangs" is great for the '70s-obsessed folks out there. It's got vintage vibes but still feels current.  Frederick M. Brown via Getty Images
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Sendhil Ramamurthy

We love the curl and texture in Sendhil Ramamurthy's hair. NBC via Getty Images
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Julianne Hough

Julianne Hough's long wavy style is simple and pretty with a touch of old Hollywood glam.  Stefanie Keenan via Getty Images
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Claire Foy

If you're looking for a drastic chop, why not try something like Claire Foy's grown out-bowl cut? It's a little bit '60s mod, a little bit modern edge. Jeff Spicer via Getty Images
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Kate Beckinsale

If you want to try something different for a night out, take a note from Kate Beckinsale and try a half-up half-down style. Jon Kopaloff via Getty Images
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Blake Lively

Blake Lively is pretty much the queen of beachy hair, and this half-up style is just more proof of that. Gabe Ginsberg via Getty Images
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Lea Seydoux

Lea Seydoux's asymmetrical bob is a go-to chic style. Marc Piasecki via Getty Images
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Anne Hathaway

We love Anne Hathaway's carefree waves, touched with just the right amount of golden caramel highlights.  Raymond Hall via Getty Images
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Laura Dern

Laura Dern's bouncy curls are another fun and flirty style, great for any occasion.  Presley Ann via Getty Images
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Emma Thompson

Emma Thompson's slicked-back and bleached style is unquestionably chic, and perfect for shorter hair. Ian West - PA Images via Getty Images
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Kit Harington

Jon Snow may know nothing, but Kit Harington knows how to rock his curly hair.  Amanda Edwards via Getty Images
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Alfre Woodard

Alfre Woodard's full, natural curls are absolutely beautiful. David Livingston via Getty Images
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Carrie-Anne Moss

Carrie-Anne Moss is another woman who's made a case for the slicked back, wet-look style -- it's great for showing off your makeup (or just your beautiful face in general!) Gilbert Carrasquillo via Getty Images
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Chris Pine

Chris Pine's classic cut is a good choice for anyone who's looking for a clean and simple style. Gary Gershoff via Getty Images
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Rihanna

Rihanna's wavy style is pretty much the chicest version of bedhead imaginable (and that's fitting, as she wore the 'do for her Fenty x Savage lingerie launch). Kevin Mazur via Getty Images

Fuel Prices Have Been Reduced By 1 Paisa, Not 60 Paisa, Clarifies Indian Oil After Error On Website

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After fuel prices reached a record high in India in the last week, Indian Oil had announced earlier on Wednesday that it had cut petrol and diesel prices by 60 paise and 56 paise per litre respectively.

However, later in the day the leading fuel retailer corrected the itself and said that it had only reduced petrol and diesel prices by 1 paisa per litre.

While the news of the reduction in fuel prices were supposed to be a relief, a 1 paise reduction is not going to be of any help to consumers who have been hit by the steep rise in fuel prices.

LiveMint reports that with the current reduction, petrol at Indian outlets in Delhi cost Rs 78.42 and diesel Rs 69.30 per litre. Delhi has the cheapest fuel prices among all metros.

Fuel prices are different in different states because of differing taxes.

Reuters had reported earlier in the day that after Saudi Arabia and Russia said they were ready to ease supply curbs oil prices went down about $75 a barrel.

Priyanka Chopra Is Dating Nick Jonas: US Media Reports

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Priyanka Chopra, whose espionage drama Quantico just got canceled by ABC, is reportedly dating musician Nick Jonas.

"They are dating and it's brand new. It's a good match and they are both interested in each other," Us Weekly quoted a source as saying.

According to the report, the couple spent the Memorial Day weekend together and even attended the Beauty and the Beast live concert at the Hollywood Bowl.

Another source told People magazine, "They're flirtatious and have been hanging out and text all the time. The relationship is very casual."

The couple was first seen attending the Met Gala together last year which sparked rumors of a potential relationship.

In an interview with Jimmy Kimmel, Chopra said, "We were on the same table and we already know each other. So he was like 'Hey, you wanna go together?' And I was like 'Yeah, okay, let's go together.' It ended up working out."

Glen yesterday with friends 2/2

A post shared by Glen Powell Fans (@glenpowell_) on

In the past, Nick Jonas has dated Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, Gigi Hadid, Kendall Jenner and Rita Ora among several others. Chopra's last publicly-known relationship was with Shahid Kapoor and she's said she's been single ever since.

HuffPost India has reached out to PC's reps and is awaiting a response.

Also see on HuffPost:

WATCH: The 'Sanju' Trailer Is Here And It Looks Dope AF

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Rajkumar Hirani and Ranbir Kapoor launched the trailer of the Sanjay Dutt biopic, titled Sanju, in a Juhu multiplex in Mumbai on Wednesday. The event saw loud cheers from the media fraternity that had gathered to attend the trailer launch.

Kapoor plays Dutt film that has been penned by Hirani and his frequent collaborator, Abhijat Joshi (3 Idiots, PK). While one expected the film to bear a somber tone, given the tumultuous life that Dutt has led, Hirani has instead given the trailer a light-hearted comedic treatment.

The 3-minute trailer touches on key events in Dutt's life -- his battle with drug addiction, the many women he slept with (it says the number was over 300) and his jail term for illegally possessing AK 56 rifles.

Kapoor looks like he has seamlessly merged with Dutt's persona, right from body language to voice modulation, this looks like a performance that can further solidify the actor's position as one of the best of our time.

Other than him, the film features an ensemble that includes Sonam Kapoor, Dia Mirza, Paresh Rawal, Vicky Kaushal and Manisha Koirala (who plays his mother, Nargis Dutt).

Anushka Sharma will also be seen in a special appearance, as his biographer.

The film is slated to release on June 29. Watch the trailer here.

Cobrapost Sting: Softbank and Alibaba, Paytm's Foreign Investors, Mum Over Alleged Privacy Breach

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An advertisement of Paytm, a digital wallet company, is pictured at a road side stall in Kolkata, India, January 25, 2017. Picture taken January 25, 2017.

NEW DELHI — Paytm is under fire for allegedly sharing user data with Indian law enforcement agencies, but the popular e-wallet company's global investors — Softbank and Ant Financial, the Chinese internet giant behind Alibaba — are keeping mum.

The silence of two of the world's biggest technology investors, privacy experts say, point to how technology companies, promising to create a more democratic and transparent world, are actually completely unaccountable to their users.

Softbank, for instance, has a Privacy Policy for Personal Data for its European operations, but declined to comment on its obligations to Indian users.

"Right now, the user is not in control and the service provider is in complete control," said Apar Gupta, a Delhi High Court lawyer, specialising in privacy-related issues.

Last week, a sting operation by the Noida-based investigative news portal, Cobrapost, revealed a video in which a man, who is purportedly Ajay Shekhar, senior vice president of the company, appears to say that he personally received a phone call from the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) after the protests in Kashmir, seeking data on Paytm users. Shekhar allegedly said that Paytm had a very close relationship with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the parent organization of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

If true, Paytm is in violation of its own privacy policy.

HuffPost India has been unable to verify these claims independently, and Paytm has denied sharing any data with the BJP-ruled government.

HuffPost wrote to Softbank and Alibaba — Paytm's biggest backers — and also to Uber, one of the most popular use-cases for Paytm. In India, Uber customers can use Paytm to pay for their rides, implying Paytm gathers a significant amount of Uber user data. Ant Financial and Alibaba collectively own close to 40% in One97 communications, Paytm's holding company, while Softbank, a Japanese internet and telecom conglomerate, owns about one-fifth of the $7 billion company.

HuffPost asked the following questions:

  • Are you aware of the sting investigation alleging that Paytm has shared user data with the Indian government in violation of its privacy policy?
  • Are you concerned about the allegation that Paytm has shared user data with the Indian government?
  • Have you reached out to Paytm regarding the allegations? What follow-up steps have you taken?

Only Softbank replied: "Softbank does not comment on portfolio companies."

HuffPost spoke with experts about the legal and ethical reasons that should drive investors to have a more proactive role in demanding accountability.

Right now, the user is not in control and the service provider is in complete control.

READ: We Are A Banana Republic, And The Aftermath Of Operation 136 Made The Mainstream Media Look Even Worse, Says Cobrapost Founder

Legal reason

Legal experts say that sharing of private data with the government or with any third party would contravene the right to privacy, a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.

"The Supreme Court judgment is law," said Usha Ramanathan, a Supreme Court advocate, referring to the 2017 judgment, Justice KS Puttaswamy (Retd.) & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors.

Ramanathan, who is challenging AADHAR as a breach of privacy, believes that there is no circumstance under which the government in India could demand private data from a service provider. For that to happen, Ramanathan explained, the government would first need to have a data protection law then stipulate any exceptions.

All that exists right now is a data protection policy.

In its statement, Paytm said, "Our policy allows ONLY legally compliant data requests from the law of the land to get access to data for necessary investigations."

Even in a scenario where the government demands private data, say, for instance, by a court order, Gautam Bhatia, a Supreme Court advocate, noted that the question of legality or illegality did not arise unless Paytm reveals what were the precise circumstances of the exchange.

"What were the safeguards that were taken?" he asked.

There are some who argue that it may not be incumbent on investors to respond to an alleged privacy breach because the Supreme Court judgment is not enough to establish illegality, and India does not yet have a data protection law.

But whether it is illegal or not, if the allegation against Paytm are true, it raises a huge ethical problem for investors.

Ethical problem

Ramanathan argues that foreign investments are about keeping companies on ethical lines. "You don't go to a country with less laws to violate the rights of people," she said.

Earlier this year, a sovereign wealth fund sold its stake in Vedanta Resources Plc, a mining and metals company, over "environmental and human rights violations" by the firm.

In 2010, the Church of England sold its shares of Vedanta Resources, citing its unhappiness at how the company treated the tribals of Orissa's Kalahandi district.

One of the foreign investors in Paytm, Alibaba, is already tainted in China. Earlier this year, its affiliate, Ant Financial, was forced to apologize after its users complained that they were misled into giving their consent for its Alipay service to share data with third parties.

You don't got to a country with less laws to violate the rights of people.

READ: CobraPost Exposé: First Demonetisation Then Data Brokering; Should You Trust Paytm With Your Personal Data?

Why the double standard?

Uber has a mixed record when it comes to safeguarding private user data. On the one hand, the app-based cab service is known be fiercely protective about its data, for two reasons: competition and privacy. On the other hand, in 2016, it tried to conceal a hack that affected 57 million customers and drivers and payed $100,000 to the attackers to delete the data.

Last year, in the face of mounting pressure to share its data with local governments for the sake of urban planning, Uber launched "Movement," a tool that allows city planners and the public to access to anonymous data on Uber trips.

Privacy has been a concern for Uber, and, according to the terms and conditions of Movement, the data being shared is "anonymized and aggregated to ensure no personally identifiable information or user behavior can be surfaced through the Movement tool."

Uber, however, did not reply to HuffPost's question: "One of the big reason that Indian consumers have signed up for Paytm is to pay for Uber rides. Are you concerned that Uber consumer data has been compromised by Paytm?"

Way forward

In India, a committee headed by Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee, under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, is looking to frame a data protection law.

Gupta, the lawyer specializing in privacy-related issues, has argued that India should consider the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which makes it incumbent on companies to - at the request of a user - disclose all the data it has on the person.

A user in EU can also ask a company to delete her data, send copies of the data or correct an error in data. The maximum fine for a GDPR violation is 20 million euros or four percent of a company's annual global revenue from the year before, whichever is higher.

"It builds a system of accountability," Gupta said, speaking of the need for a similar policy in India.

Also on HuffPost India:

'Murdered' Journalist Arkady Babchenko Turns Up Alive At News Conference

Arkady Babchenko, the Russian journalist and Kremlin critic reported to have been shot dead in Kiev on Tuesday, has turned up alive in Ukraine.

Speaking at a press conference on Wednesday, Vasily Gritsak, head of the Ukrainian Security Service, said the death had been staged in order to catch those who were trying to kill him.

Gritsak said the authorities had received information about a Russian plot to kill Babchenko and had managed to prevent it by faking the journalist’s death.

“I’m still alive,” Babchenko declared at the press conference after her took to the floor to applause and gasps.

“I know that sickening feeling when you bury a colleague. I’m sorry you had to go through this, but there was no other way.”

His wife, who reportedly found his body in a pool of blood in their flat, was unaware of the operation and thought he had been killed.

“Olechka, I am sorry, but there were no options here. I would like to apologise for what you have all had to go through,” Babchenko, who looked on the verge of tears, told reporters.

Babchenko thanked the Ukrainian security service for saving his life. The Ukrainian Security Services said the plan to thwart the attack was “normal” because “Sherlock Holmes did it”.

This appears to be a reference to the short story “The Final Problem”.

It’s not yet clear, however, how staging his death allowed the Ukraine authorities to avoid his murder or catch his would-be assassins.

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Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko, right, who was reported murdered in the Ukrainian capital, and head of Ukrainian State Security Service, Vasily Gritsak, attend a news briefing in Kiev.

Before ushering Babchenko into the room, Gritsak said investigators had identified a Ukrainian citizen who was allegedly paid 40,000 dollars (£30,000) by Russian security services to organise and carry out the hit.

The unidentified Ukrainian man in turn allegedly hired an acquaintance to be the gunman, Gritsak said.

The man allegedly paid to organise Babchenko’s killing was detained on Wednesday, he said, showing a video of the arrest.

Gritsak said killing Babchenko was part of a larger alleged plot by Russian security services.

The Ukrainian man was also supposed to procure large quantities of weapons and explosives, including 300 AK-47 rifles and “hundreds of kilos of explosives”, to perpetrate acts of terror in Ukraine, he said.

Russian journalists speaking to HuffPost UK have strongly criticised the operation. Andrei Soldatov, editor of the Agentura.Ru web site and author of the Red Web, said: “To me, it’s crossing a line big time.

“Babchenko is a journalist not a policeman ... I’m glad he is alive, but he undermined even further the credibility of journalists and the media.”

Oleg Kashin, a Russian journalist who was brutally attacked in 2010, said that while the development was undoubtedly good news, those close to Babchenko might not be so pleased: “What is better - to be killed or to be part of this macabre show?

“I think to be alive is good but I’m not sure that Arkady’s friends tomorrow will be happy to talk with him or smile at him tomorrow.”

Anton Gerashchenko, a Ukrainian lawmaker who serves as an adviser to the interior minister, described the operation in a Facebook post, detailing how a “very limited circle of people” knew the truth.

His reported murder had triggered a war of words between Ukraine and Russia and sent shivers through the journalistic communities in both countries.

Babchenko sparked a backlash in Russia for his comments in a 2016 Facebook post on a Russian military plane crash. He said his comments had resulted in thousands of threats, his home address being published online and calls for him to be deported.

The plane, carrying 92 people, including dozens of Red Army Choir singers, dancers and orchestra members, crashed into the Black Sea on its way to Syria in December 2016, killing everyone on board.

Babchenko’s colleagues at Ukraine’s ATR channel reacted with relief. 

But once the shock dissipated, some journalists questioned how healthy the sting operation was.


Pompeii's Unluckiest Man Excavated, Internet Gives Him Second Life

The remains of a man trying to escape the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius nearly 2,000 years ago were found in Pompeii, Italy, this week, and the photographs have become a meme.

Why would people do this? Because the internet is a bad place.

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A skeleton of a victim recently found the archaeological site of Pompeii.

Archaeologists believe the man was fleeing to safety, having managed to escape the first volcanic eruption, but was subsequently crushed by a large stone in the process. They believe the stone was a door jamb, according to USA Today.

Additionally, archaeologists believe the man was around 35-years-old and suffering from a bone infection. His head has not yet been found.

As for what people are saying about this ancient marvel on Twitter, well, we’ll let you read for yourself: 

If the poor guy hadn’t already been dead, we’d have said these memes would’ve surely done the job.

Ariana Grande And Pete Davidson Make It Official With 'Harry Potter' Photo

Yer a wizard, Ari. 

Ariana Grande and “Saturday Night Live” star Pete Davidson have made their romance official with a photo of the duo essentially dressed up in “Harry Potter” cosplay. 

Davidson shared an Instagram on Wednesday of himself and the pop star sporting their Hogwarts finest complete with sweatshirts repping two different houses. The comedian is a self-identifying Gryffindor, while Grande opted for the Slytherin house. 

Davidson captioned the photo, “the chamber of secrets has been opened.”

A post shared by Pete Davidson (@petedavidson) on

Grande seemingly has no qualms about Davidson making their relationship public ― they’ve been consistently flirting on social media the past week ― commenting multiple times below the photo.

“u tryna slytherin (i’m deleting my account now),” the “No Tears Left To Cry” singer wrote. 

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The day before she posted a “Harry Potter”-themed photo of her own featuring the Slytherin sweatshirt, writing “in case you forgot” in the caption. 

A post shared by Ariana Grande (@arianagrande) on

Rumors about their romance swirled earlier this month after both stars split from their respective partners. Grande broke it off with rapper Mac Miller after two years together, while Davidson recently announced that he and comedian Cazzie David had gone their separate ways.

According to multiple outlets, Davidson and Grande’s relationship has “just started” and is “very casual.”

 And for those who just jumped aboard the Grande train, she’s been a longtime “Harry Potter” fan. Apart from boasting about how many times she’s read the series, the 24-year-old has also posed for pictures with a handful of cast members from the movies, as well as naming her dog after the character Sirius Black. 

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Ariana Grande attended the premiere of

10 Divorced Men On The Moment They Knew Their Marriage Was Over

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Marriages don’t deteriorate overnight. There’s often a gradual decline, sometimes over years or decades, that leads to an eventual breaking point and makes divorce inevitable. 

We asked now-divorced men to reveal the moment that signaled their marriages were finally over for good. Here’s what they said:

1. When my son mentioned ‘mommy’s new friend.’

“I should have known it was over when she said at dinner that she didn’t know whether she loved me anymore. I should have known it after 18 months of sleeping in separate bedrooms. I should have known it when she stopped demonstrating any positive or negative emotions toward me. I should have known it after spending a holiday weekend with our young son on a road trip that she declined to take with us. I should have known it after I saw her missing wedding ring upon returning home from that trip. I should have known it when she moved out the next day, driving away with our little boy in the back seat. But I didn’t. Still, I hoped. And then, two weeks later, my son innocently mentioned a dog and some little girls he had been playing with. They belonged to ‘mommy’s new friend.’

‘Did you have a sleepover at mommy’s new friend’s house?’

‘Yes.’

I never knew a one-word answer from a child could be so lethal and life-changing. I thought I might die, right then. That’s when I knew.” ― Matthew

2. When she said ‘I hate you’ and meant it.

“Like the end of most marriages, mine included a lot of dominoes tipping into the next, but there always seems to be that first domino that starts the process. My ex-wife made arguing an Olympic sport. During one fight over something I can’t even recall, she looked at me red-faced and yelled, ’I hate you,’ and I knew she meant it. There is no coming back from that four-letter word.” ― Bill

3.  When I realized sleeping in the guest room was better than sleeping next to my wife.

“One typical winter day I came down with some horrible sickness and quarantined myself in the guest bedroom to avoid spreading my plague to my wife. After I recovered, I realized I preferred staying in the guest room. I am still a strong believer in the fact that most people sleep better alone, but it does create a literal separation between the couple. Then I started noticing other differences and changes in us as individuals and in our marriage. But if I had to pinpoint one moment, it’s the moment I quarantined our marriage. We both survived and are thriving; however, our marriage stayed in quarantine and didn’t make it out.” ― Adam 

4. When her dream house was more like a nightmare to me. 

“After we sold our first home, we were looking for new houses. I had a couple that I really liked, but she was stuck on this one house and kept coming back to it. I hated that house. It was hideous inside, untouched since 1978 (ugh, that wallpaper!), not in the town I wanted to live in and nothing about it tempted me. When we walked in the front door for a showing, I watched her face light up like I hadn’t seen in years. She walked around wide-eyed from room to room, and in the face of all the horrible decor and issues with disrepair she told me it felt like her ‘forever home.’ I put aside my own wants and we made an offer the same day.

Now, I had always been a subscriber to the ‘happy wife, happy life’ mantra, but this was different. In some sad and serene part of me, I knew I wasn’t going to be in that house forever ― but I wanted her to have it. For her. It was at that moment that I knew that I still loved her but that it was done. I spent the next year remodeling that house on nights and weekends, and roughly about when it was done we split. She still has the house, and I’m happy for that.” ― Billy

5. When I refused to deal with my own underlying anxieties about commitment. 

“When I look back at my marriage a dozen years after divorce, trying to define what exactly went wrong, my hindsight doesn’t stop anywhere within the previous dozen years that I was married. It inevitably goes back further, to all those years of early adulthood when I realized my anxiety about forming deep relationships with anyone, let alone potential spouses. Instead of examining that and getting help to deal with the issues that kept me from forming real connections with people, I blame them instead.

As a result, when it came to forge a real commitment, I just didn’t have the tools to ultimately be successful at it. If divorce has taught me anything, it’s that the seeds for it are growing within us long before we ever meet our potential life partner. And it’s up to us to eliminate that crop before even trying to cultivate a relationship.” ― Craig 

6.  When my wife’s divorced friends convinced her we were doomed. 

“When my wife spent most of her free time with other divorced women. She had already moved into the guest bedroom and was disengaged at counseling, but the real force pulling her away was her ‘friends’ telling her it was ‘her turn.’ There’s an old saying: ‘Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future.’” ― Bill

7.  When I didn’t care enough to try anymore. 

“While it didn’t feel altogether different that time, the weeks leading up to my divorce were more strained and frustrating than in times we had fought before. As I look back on it now, however, I realize that even I had given up. I was no longer trying. What had once been a challenge for us to overcome together became a battle for us to fight independent of one another. That realization hit me pretty hard that night, as I lay in bed just a few hours after she asked to take a break. By the time she revealed she wanted a divorce, just a day and a half later, I had already recognized that this was it, we were done. I was done. It hurt, but I didn’t care anymore.” ― Derick 

8. When we realized we hadn’t liked each other in years. 

“I was a complete mess. I cannot speak for my ex-wife. But for me, I was simply not in a good place in my life and had long since lost my identity. I was so spent from trying to figure things out in a career that doesn’t tolerate mistakes. Slowly, trapped in an isolating mindset, failures became my only confidants. Failures and self-loathing became my past time and closest friends. And over time, a person as messed up as I was simply cannot love anyone correctly.

I’ve made my peace with the fact that when we internally dislike ourselves at such deep levels, we are in no place to love anyone else. We simply keep trying to fill the hole in our souls in the hopes we won’t feel as damaged as we know we are. In the end, my ex and I simply stopped trying to love or even hate each other. All emotions were simply no longer accessible. We began to realize that the last time we liked each other was well before marriage and even dating. Long before all that, we were just really good friends.” ― Michael 

9. When I justified her bad behavior. 

“The first time I brought up the fact that our relationship wasn’t going to work, she broke my headphones. I think, deep down inside, I knew the relationship wouldn’t last early on. She would lose her temper quickly, become increasingly paranoid and jealous and yell a lot. I kept justifying anything bad that happened. I had no escape, at least that’s how it felt at the time. I was afraid to leave for fear of being hurt or stalked or humiliated in front of peers.” ― Tom

10. When I realized we weren’t even fighting, we were just avoiding each other. 

“It was a long series of events, and decisions that slowly led to the final demise: when we stopped holding hands in public, when we no longer did date nights together, when we started to confide in others rather than our spouse, when we started to feel like the other person was an obstacle to our happiness rather than an advocate for it. Unlike a lot of couples, we never fought. We just gradually learned to avoid each other, and little by little, it led to a decision to end it. By the time I really saw the signs, and understood what they meant, it felt like it was already too late.” ― Gerald

Note: Respondents’ last names were withheld to protect their privacy and the privacy of their families. Some responses have been lightly edited or condensed for clarity. 

Need help? In the U.S., call 1-866-331-9474 or text “loveis” to 22522 for the National Dating Abuse Helpline.

Serena Williams' 'Wakanda-Inspired Catsuit' Is A Hit At French Open

Serena Williams returned to Grand Slam tennis on Tuesday after maternity leave, turning heads at the French Open in what she called a “Wakanda-inspired catsuit.”

Williams said the outfit was designed to help prevent blood clots ― she faced near-deadly complications after giving birth to daughter Alexis Olympia on Sept. 1 and says she has had several clots in the last year. But the Nike sportswear also had a whimsical side.

It made her feel “like a warrior princess kind of, [a] queen from Wakanda,” she said, referring to the setting of the hit movie “Black Panther.”

“I always wanted to be a superhero, and it’s kind of my way of being a superhero,” said Williams, who defeated Kristyna Pliskova in straight sets in the first round.

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Serena Williams won her first-round match in straight sets.

The 23-time Grand Slam title winner added that the ensemble ― which actually was designed before “Black Panther” emerged ― was dedicated to “all the moms out there that had a tough pregnancy and had to come back and try to be fierce.”

She gave a similar shoutout on Twitter:

Williams is on the board of advisers to Oath, HuffPost’s parent company.

11 Bachelorette Party Ideas That Are Inexpensive

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Celebrating the bride-to-be shouldn't cost you an arm and a leg. Here are some affordable bachelorette party ideas that everyone will enjoy.

Don’t let the lavish, destination bachelorette parties you see on social media get to you: Celebrating your bestie doesn’t have to cost you and the rest of your bridal party a small fortune.

Hosting an affordable bachelorette partyand having a damn good time can absolutely go hand-in-hand, whether you’re throwing a next-level, grownup sleepover for the bride-to-be or hosting a luxe backyard movie screening with all the accouterments.

Below, we’ve rounded up 11 relatively cheap bachelorette party ideas for money-savvy bridal parties. 

1. Host a sleepover.

Imagine how Instagramable the slumber parties of your youth would have been if only you had the app back then. To recapture those glory days of your teen years ― and Instagram the whole thing in true millennial fashion ― load up on sheet masks and Syrah, cue up your favorite movies and stay up all night to celebrate your friend’s upcoming nuptials. In the AM, pool your talents in the kitchen and whip up some breakfast or head out to your favorite brunch spot. (You’re adults now. You can totally splurge on ricotta-stuffed French toast and mimosas.)

2. Volunteer as a group.

A good time and do-gooding aren’t mutually exclusive: Use an app like GiveGab to find volunteering opportunities nearby that you know the bridal party will be interested in. One suggestion? Celebrate with The Birthday Party Project, a nonprofit organization that hosts monthly birthday bashes for kids at homeless and transitional living facilities across the country.

3. Book a cooking class.

Into eating and getting a lot of bang for your buck? Grab your girls and sign up for a cooking class. Not only will you collectively improve your culinary skills, you’ll also get to eat whatever you make at the end of the class ― plus, many culinary classes serve wine or allow you to bring your favorite bottle.  

4. Have Glamsquad prep you for a GNO.

Elevate a standard girls’ night out by having a team of professionals come do your hair and makeup before your night on the town. Services like Glamsquad offer blowouts, makeup services and on-demand manicures at your home. An added bonus? Your bride can use the glam sesh as an opportunity to test out hair and makeup ideas for the wedding. 

5. Head to the roller rink or bowling alley.

Want to exercise and get a little friendly competition going with your besties? Trek to the nearest roller rink for a skating party or bowl by the hour at your local bowling alley. (If you go bowling, purchase some matchy-matchy bowling shirts with the bride’s name emblazoned on them.)

6. Swing by a local winery or brewery.

You don’t have to live near Napa to enjoy some seriously good Cab or be Portland-based to indulge your love of craft beer: These days, wineries and breweries can be found nearby in just about any state. Ride-share over for drinks and, before you leave, shower the bridal party with a bottle of wine or a beer growler as a party favor. 

7. Create a scavenger hunt.

Before there were escape rooms, there were scavenger hunts. Creating a scavenger hunt of your own in a mall or another heavily populated area will give you the chance to get hyper-personal about the riddles and objects you’re searching for. Case in point? “Find and take a picture of a pasta maker to remind us of how Jen got deathly sick and vomited fettucini Alfredo all over Mike’s car on their second date.”

8. Pack a picnic.

If your bride is more of a wine-and-cheese kind of gal, corral all your friends for a picnic in the park or at the beach with a charcuterie or cheese board. Make it extra special by packing some lawn games, like giant tumbling blocks or an oversized Connect Four game.

9. Host a backyard movie screening.

For a movie night under the stars, rent a movie screen, a home movie theater projector and order the bride’s favorite takeout for dinner. Take the experience to the next level by renting a popcorn machine and hiring a professional bartender.

10. Hire a private chef to cook you dinner.

To avoid bridal party burnout before the big day ― and cater to your BFF bride’s palate ― hire a professional chef to work culinary magic in the kitchen. Use an easy-to-navigate (and free!) graphic design site like Canva to create some personalized menus with punny names for each dish (Got the Rock Guac, anyone?) 

11. Host a karaoke night.

Shower your bride with some killer duets at a karaoke night either at a local karaoke bar ― in major cities, you can usually rent out a whole room, complete with bottle service and small bites ― or in your home. Bubble machines and a group rendition of “Single Ladies” are totally optional but definitely recommended.

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